Geography, mapping resources

Maps (a.k.a. yes, there is a way around it when your place is not on Google Maps!)

WikiMapia

OpenStreetMap (searches through Geonames.org)

BerkeleyMapper | code (GIT) | instructions

Global Gazeteer

SpeciesLink GeoLoc (Brazil)

Guides:

Georeferencing Resources from ORNIS - best practices, guides, etc. | archive (this is too good to be lost!)

Labels standards - Biological Survey of Canada

Region-Specific (very Americas-biased):

 

Andes Website - Lists of Andes mountain peaks in South America

Americas Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online

Brazil - IBGE - Cidades@ - Search current and historical names of cities in Brazil. See also

IBGE - Biblioteca (histórico cidades e municípios)

Global Volcanism Program (archived)

Latin Place Names File RBMS/BSC

The Map Library (archived) - useful for Africa localities

Mapas de México (archived)

Worldwide:

Alexandria Gazetteer Server |  original site

Biogeomancer - Automated georeferencing for natural history collections  | sourceforge (this is out of date - see BerkeleyMapper)

CIA - The World Factbook - (direct link)

EarthSearch (archived)

Earth Explorer - USGS  

GBIF - organism occurrence data search

GeoLoc (SpeciesLink) - search localities of collections that sent data to SpeciesLink (Brazil) 

Geohack (this is not a query site, places findable through Wikipedia) | example | query by coordinates

Geonames | old NGA/GNDB query form

Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (Research at the Getty) - [direct link] 

Global Gazeteer

Google Maps

Index Mundi

Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online

Tesauro Isoc de Topónimos | archived: the conceptual version can still be browsed; Hierarchical version needs Java | mirror search (version?) | download PDF (2003 edition)  | PDF (2004 edition, abridged) |  original address

Traveljournals.net

Traveljournals.net - Explore countries and locations

Wikimedia - Images generated from map library resources

World Digital Library

 

more databases:

DataHub (Humanitarian Data Project) 

last resource:

search for expressions like "way to ____"; "camino al ____" - likely to return travel journals and touristic guides what may not give you a technically accurate map, but will tell you if the place exists